Crime Prevention Issues: Murder, Organized Crime and Fraud

Crime Prevention Issues Murder, Organized Crime and Fraud1. chance on the various types of murder. Discuss the issues involved in trying to solve each type of murder. Which be most presumable and least likely to be unflinching?First Degree/Capital Murder One of the serious charges it is often the one that requires caution, planning, and deliberate action to commit murder. Some states add additional attributes to depression story murder charge such as motive, the context of the murder, and in what musical mode the murder took place. An example would be someone plotting to kill someone, learning their free-and-easy routine and habits. Acquiring a weapon and stalking out the victim argon all examples of premeditation and would result in a first academic degree murder charge.Issues in solving or defending first degree murder charges require understanding if the immoral admits to the sidesplitting and asserts self- vindication or if the illegal indicates that they did not d o the killing. Resolution could lie in justified homicide such as self-defense mistaken identity, was the individual acc utilise at the scene of the offensive accidental death such as parental discipline or even insanity. The prosecution has to convince the jury without doubt that the defendant is the correct person placing them with state or they have to disprove insanity defense and/or self-defense defenses. This charge would be the hardest to resolve, the recent Hernandez trial proves that even though the defense may have put reasonable doubt as to the First Degree Murder charge (no murder weapon, no independent witnesses, circumstantial evidence by the prosecution), he still was convicted of First Degree murder.Second Degree Murder This charge is seen as killing without malice that at that place was no premeditation or deliberate planning. For example, if someone is in a heated argument and attacks the victim in anger resulting in that persons death the likely charge would be second degree murder as there was no pre-planning and it was done without premeditation. Issues in solving or defending second degree murder charges lay in the fact that most charged with this degree claim they did not commit the crime. There are also those that admit to the killing but indicate that the crime was justified. Resolution could lie in actual innocence self-defense or insanity. Again, the prosecution has burden of proof that the defendant affiliated the crime.Felony Murder The charge of felony murder is used when someone is killed during another felony. It usually isnt planned out or intended but happens as a consequence of the other felony. If a robber shoots and kills a guard during the course of a bank robbery, felony murder charges would be brought against the criminalInvoluntary Manslaughter If negligence results in death, a person can be charged with involuntary manslaughter. An example could be when you drink and drive and unhorse into an accident that re sults in a death. This is criminal negligence or involuntary manslaughter.Voluntary Manslaughter Usually is applied when one person kills another without malice, in that they did not intend for that person to die. There are many times when higher murder charges (such as second degree murder) have been reduced to voluntary manslaughter, each state has its own definitions for manslaughter charges. Provocation is in the main used here, meaning that voluntary manslaughter charges tend to occur when a victim is provoked into killing such as finding a spouse in bed with another person.Each degree charged brings with it, its own take of punishments each degree having gradual increase in severity. Murder versus manslaughter can be subtle in their differences, partly because an accidental killing (usually manslaughter) can be constituted as second degree murder.2. Find three examples of how the internet has facilitated and spread out the variety and types of property crimes that are bein g perpetrated today.The internet is expanding its reach and making it easier for criminals to steal your identity.1 One way is through and through phishing sneaks right into your email inbox. Phishing is when cybercriminals may give emails that look like they come from legitimate businesses such as a bank or credit card company. People that receive these emails are told there are problems with their account and in order to fix them, they need to enter their personal data into the linked website. Once entered, the hackers now have your personal data and can do a few different things, such as creating separate bank accounts in your name without your knowledge. They can gain access to your certain accounts or create viruses that forwards their phishing emails to your contacts.Another way the internet has expanded property crimes is through the way we can easily download and obtain copyrighted material.2 It is illegal for people to download music, movies, or books through the inter net, they are all considered theft of property (piracy) and yet the internet has allowed the practice to flourish through websites and record hosting sites. Piracy costs the industry billions of dollars and the ease with which the internet allows the transfer of data is why it is so rampant.With internet usage increase comes the expansion of fraud online through the acquisition and resale of illegally obtained goods and merchandise. This is classified as etailing fraud and the internet has allowed the growth of merchandise sold online illegally.3. Pick one of the white collar crimes and present a case for why it is or is not more harmful than a violent crime.I read about Adoption Scams3 for this question and the emotional monetary value that is thrust upon the victims is hard to read about. In many adoption scam cases, couples seeking to adopt are contacted by the criminal indicating that they know of a botch up from Russia up for adoption, or birth mothers promise their unborn c hild to multiple couples or even cases of bringing in and involving kidnapped children. The criminals provide just enough elaborate to string the couples along, such as photographs and email trails. The criminal is simply doing this for the monetary gain, not taking into account and pain the couple may feel.Many couples get invested once they believe that a child is its way to them. These are couples who, perhaps, have spent years struggling with conception and may have invested time, silver, and emotions into alternate slipway to conceive. This journey has probably already been an emotional rollercoaster for the victims and the hope of having a child through adoption will set them up for another emotional ride. These victims are preparing for the arrival of a child into their lives, filled with hope. They may have started decorating a nursery, expanding on their homes or scheduled maternity leave at their jobs. Monetary investiture aside, many of these victims will suffer when they realize they have been scammed and there is no child For some victims, its like losing a child.4Crime of any sympathetic is harmful and its impact will resonant over a wide range. Someone commits a violent crime, those that are impacted are not completely the person attacked or killed. Family, friends, and loved ones are impacted by the attack and/or death of the victim so violent crimes dont only when affect one but many. White collar crime such as the adoption scam not only harms the victims but also the victims families. In the case of kidnapping, multiple families are involved. If we are comparing violent crimes to white collar crimes and weighing life or death, than yes, the adoption scam is less damaging but there are no victimless crimes (in my opinion) and we should consider the emotional and financial impact of this scam.4. Discuss the different types of transnational organized crime. make up possible ways for combating these types of crimes.Transnational organized crime is when a crime has been committed in more than one state or nation and usually involves the coordination and planning of numerous people and groups. Much like organized crime before the internet, transnational organized crime is compromised in a hierarchical manner with a leader supported by close advisors. The main purpose is to engage in criminal activity at a global level such as money laundering and computer crime. They use electronic communications to communicate and push forward their illegal agenda. Social networks are used by members to communicate with each other and sometimes to spread their message.Some types of transnational organized crime include groups that are involved in money laundering, drug and arms trafficking, and human smuggling. They endorse and are involved with trading in narcotics, pornography, illegal weapons and prostitution. Combating these groups multinational organizations are difficult. There is always someone else to footmark in when a grou p or gang is eliminated. Drug money is a huge source of foreign revenue many of these groups and the corruption of police force and military makes suppression hard to enforce on any scale. Federal agencies are charged with combating transnational crime, they do so through international works groups that share intelligence and plot out strategies and directives to take against these cartels.1 http//www.justice.gov/criminal/fraud/websites/idtheft.html2 http//law.jrank.org/pages/11992/Cyber-Crime-Intellectual-property-theft.html3 http//www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2006/august/adoptscams_0828064 Ibid.