Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Hunting snake Judith Wright Essay Essay Example
Hunting snake Judith Wright Essay Essay Example Hunting snake Judith Wright Essay Essay Hunting snake Judith Wright Essay Essay The chief topic of the verse form is the sudden visual aspect of the serpent and the surprised reactions of the poet and her comrade. The serpent does no injury to the Walkers and they in bend do non harm the serpent. As an conservationist. Wright sought to continue the natural milieus in Australia. She cared intensely for the Aboriginal people who lived in close familiarity with nature which the colonists did non. The verse form. on the surface. is about the sudden visual aspect of the serpent but it could besides be about the assorted animals that lived in Australia and the animate being friendly manner of life of the Aboriginal people. The initial emotion that overtakes the poet and her comrade is daze or surprise. They are walking along a grassy spot ( non a jungle ) when they see the serpent ââ¬Å"reeling byâ⬠. Soon this surprise is overtaken by esteem for the flawlessness of its organic structure. the symmetricalness of the graduated tables on its surface and the individual minded ( ââ¬Å"fierce intentâ⬠) chase of its quarry. Structure The verse form has a tightly controlled construction that does non allow much invention. The beginning of the verse form describes a peaceable scene when nature is full of the laid-back sunlight of fall. so comes the surprise of happening a serpent in their thick. But there is no sudden motion or strong emotion expressed so there is no alteration in the construction either. The verse form has four quatrains with a traditional rime strategy of abab. cdcd. efef in the first three stanzas but the 4th stanza is ghhg. The alteration in the last stanza is like the allowing out of breath ( ââ¬Å"We took a deeper breath of twenty-four hours. â⬠) after holding unconsciously held it while the serpent was about. Thereby underscoring the alleviation that the perceivers felt. If you extend beyond the surface degree significance. you could research the symbolism here: is Wright disputing the attitude that we have towards the autochthonal Aborigines. by foregrounding the opinion that the perceivers have made ( that the serpent is unsafe ) when in existent fact. it is merely traveling about it?s day-to-day life? Are we excessively speedy to do a opinion on a people group that has different values to us? You might wish to associate this to A Different History. as the Brits coined the class. ââ¬Å"Aboriginal Australiansâ⬠after they begin colonizing Australia in 1788. Notice how linguistic communication is used to organize stereotypes. Language The linguistic communication used is really simple but the imagination is strong doing it a splanchnic verse form. The pick of sibilants ( ââ¬Å"we barely thought ; still as we stoodâ⬠) mimics the motions of the serpent to foreground the immediate fright that the perceivers feel towards it. Again. are we afraid of what we don?t to the full understand and hence. do unneeded opinions? Imagination The usage of strong imagination marks the verse form. The gap images are of a barmy twenty-four hours in fall when there is a ââ¬Å"mellow fruitfulnessâ⬠everyplace. The composure is broken by the sudden reaching of the serpent. The image of the serpent in individual minded chase of its quarry. lingua fliting as it feels the land. the grass farewell as it moves through are pen images which allow us to ââ¬Å"seeâ⬠the event. The verse form focuses on the event instead than the storyteller leting us to portion in the emotions. Symbolically. is Wright promoting us non to impetuously react to our immediate reactions when faced with something unknown. or something that we don?t to the full understand. so that we reflect upon our preconceived impressions about a person/situation? Thus. is she disputing the stereotypes environing the Aboriginies? Movement / Rhythm The rime strategy is a simple abab. cdcd. efef and ghhg. The rigidness of the strategy allows the poet to concentrate on the event instead than on the emotions or the feelings of the poet. The motion of the serpent is copied in the motion of the lines and the sibilants evoke a slipping esthesis. Sounds Alliterative and fricative sounds as in ââ¬Å"sun glazed his curves of diamond scaleâ⬠. ââ¬Å"we barely thought ; still as we stoodâ⬠convey the feeling of a slipping motion of the serpent as it moved fast over the grass. These devices continue to associate to the relationship that humanity has with nature: we should esteem nature. the natural universe and the people who live in it. Figures of Address Through an drawn-out metaphor. the poet tells us of the symbiotic relationship between the serpent and adult male. There is no maudlin talk about the quarry or the inhuman treatment of the serpent as a huntsman but simply an recognition of the sense of intent behind the motion of the serpent. Chiefly. Wright depicts this symbiotic relationship so that adult male reflects upon his intervention of a ) the natural universe around him and B ) the autochthonal people group found in a state.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Leprechaun Trap - Green Slime St. Patricks Day Project
Leprechaun Trap - Green Slime St. Patricks Day Project Heres how to make green slime for St. Patricks Day leprechaun trap. We havent successfully caught any leprechauns using this recipe yet, but it does make a nice holiday chemistry project for kids! Leprechaun Trap Slime Materials 4-oz bottle school glue gelborax (not boric acid)watergreen food coloring Make the Leprechaun Trap Slime Solutions The leprechaun trap is made by mixing two solutions together, which cross-link or polymerize to make a gel or slime. First, make the solutions: Borax Solution Take about a half cup of hot water and stir in borax until it stops dissolving. It is fine if the solution is cloudy or if there is undissolved solid at the bottom of the container. Just add the liquid part to your slime recipe. Glue Solution You can make either opaque slime or translucent slime, depending on the type of glue you use for this project. White glue produces an opaque slime. Clear or translucent blue glue will produce a translucent slime. You can color either type of slime using food coloring. Stir 4-oz of glue into 1 cup of water.Add a couple of drops of food coloring. The radioactive chemistry green-yellow color is obtained by adding 2 drops of yellow or 2 drops yellow and 1 drop of green coloring, depending how green you want the slime. For a leprechaun trap, you can add a few drops of green food coloring and call it good. If youre a rebel, dye the slime blue! Blue was the traditional Irish color before green came into vogue. Make the Leprechaun Trap Simply mix together 1/3 cup of the borax solution and 1 cup of the glue solution. You can use your hands or you can use a spoon. Glowing Leprechaun Trap What leprechaun wouldnt be attracted to a glowing trap? You can make the slime glow very brightly under ultraviolet or light if you add a little yellow highlighter ink to either of the solutions. Highlighter ink is fluorescent, so it emits light when exposed to high-energy light. Note adding the contents of a glow stick will not work, because the other chemicals in the slime will interfere with the reaction that produces the glow. Cleaning Up the Leprechaun Trap Although regular slime doesnt stain most surface, the food coloring you added to make it green will stain clothing, furniture, and counters. You can remove the color from countertops using cleaner with bleach. Except for the food coloring, slime washes away with soap and water or in regular laundry. After St. Patricks Day Your leprechaun trap wont last until St. Patricks Day next year, but if you seal it in a covered bowl or a plastic bag, it will be good for several days. You can extend this to a couple of weeks if you store the bag in the refrigerator. The sealed bag keeps the slime from drying out while the refrigerator keeps it from developing mold. How Leprechaun Trap Slime Works When you mix the glue and the borax the polymer in the glue, polyvinyl acetate, undergoes a chemical reaction. Cross-linking bonds are formed, causing the glue stick less to your hands or spoon and more to itself. Feel free to experiment with the amount of glue, water, and borax that you use to make the slime. You can adjust the recipe to make the slime more fluid or more stiff. The molecules in the polymer are not fixed in place, so you can stretch the slime quite far before it will break or tear. More St. Patricks Day Science Projects Turn Pennies Gold for a Pot of GoldGreen St. Patricks Day FireGlowing Green FlowersMore St. Pattys Day ProjectsAnswers To Common Questions About Slime
Thursday, November 21, 2019
The Arts as a Learning Lens Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
The Arts as a Learning Lens - Assignment Example The element will assist the students in their role-play skills. It may be used to enhance health and physical education in the students. Drama may entail the writing role, interpretation, and process drama. The level of demand for the art will affect the studentsââ¬â¢ health and physical fitness due to the relationship. Role writing and interpretation of scripts will allow the students to enhance their thinking skills. The drama sessions will also provide physical education where the students will be required to move around while utilizing their talents. The participation of students in a group and individual activities will be an expectation from the students in Grades 4. Additionally, there will also be sustaining belief and maintaining focus among the students that will help in boosting their social lives in the end. The students involvement in drama will improve their movement skills; hence, resulting in positive impacts. Involvement in physical activities will lead to the elimination of some of the common causes of children illnesses. The drama forms can be applied differently to enhance competence and understanding. Improvising more movement connections will help the students manipulate the story elements. Professional theater productions can be due to a change in the students attitude and experiments with various techniques. Grade 4 students are in the process of understanding music elements due to the developing urge to read music notation. Musical approaches may be through moving, singing, creating, and playing instruments with other. The element can also be used as a foundation to understand various cultures due to different socio-cultural beliefs. The studentsââ¬â¢ exposure to related fields such as dancing will assist in keeping the healthy. Critical thinking skills will also be used as approaches to help them in their social and physical skills. A critical analysis of the art elements
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Virtual schooling, learning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Virtual schooling, learning - Research Paper Example The parent in such a system plays the role of a learning coach. Students from all over the state attend the virtual class. ââ¬Å"In April 2010, K12 formed a joint venture with Middlebury College known as Middlebury Interactive Languages LLC (MIL) to develop online foreign language coursesâ⬠(The New York Times, 2012). One of the most distinguishing features of K12 virtual schooling is that it customizes the education to meet the individualistic needs of children (k12.com, 2012). Learning in such a system protects the children from the negative external influences experienced by students in the brick and mortar schools like bullying and racism. In addition, virtual schooling is also very convenient for the students as the education can be received at home using the World Wide Web (Russell, 2001). Students can interact with other students through social media websites. Virtual schooling also enables parents to be involved to a great extent in the childââ¬â¢s studies. Many pare nts play the role of a teacher at
Sunday, November 17, 2019
The Wizard of Oz as a Fairy Tale Essay Example for Free
The Wizard of Oz as a Fairy Tale Essay For hundreds of years, parents have been enthralling children with stories of magic and wishes coming true. Fairy tales are passed from one generation to the next through oral tradition, and, in modern times, books. As various societies develop, fairy tales are changed to fit the needs and morals those societies want to impress upon their children. Thus, the style and content of a fairy tale is directly affected by the social attitudes of a particular society at a particular time. Jack Zipes adopts and assumes the magical folktale is the oral version and the fairytale the literary version of a tale when he describes the rise of ââ¬Å"the fairytale in the Western world as the mass-mediated cultural form of the folktaleâ⬠(Zipes 15). Fairy tales include common themes, motifs, story lines, and characters that aid in the protagonistââ¬â¢s working towards a common goal. In the first chapter of his book, Swiss scholar Max Luthi identifies fourteen characteristics that are vital to the unique classification of a fairy tales as demarcated from other forms of childrenââ¬â¢s literture. With the help of these distinctive structural and stylistic features, Frank L. Baumââ¬â¢s novel, ââ¬Å"The Wizard of Ozâ⬠can be classified within the boundaries of the fairy tale. ââ¬Å"The Wizard of Oz,â⬠like so many fairy tales, naturally has cultural, social, and political undertones interwoven within the text. Virtually all of Baumââ¬â¢s characters and magical land pertain to specific cultural or socio-political event of the time. Contemporary social issues are unconsciously rolled into the fabric of the story like: the yellow brick road and the silver slippers that both symbolize the influence of the gold and silver debate prominent in Baumââ¬â¢s time. Baum lifts phrases almost directly from Grimm. In ââ¬Å"The Wizard of Ozâ⬠â⬠¦Ã¢â¬Å"she wished the girl to remain with her to do the cooking and cleaningâ⬠(Baum 27) is similar to the witches request if Gretel in ââ¬Å"Hansel and Gretelâ⬠when she says, ââ¬Å"I want you to fetch some water and cook your brother something niceâ⬠(Grimm 53). Dorothy also states to the Scarecrow, ââ¬Å"If you come with me Ill ask Oz to do all he can for youâ⬠(Baum 22). Which is reminiscent to the donkeyââ¬â¢s words in the Grimmsââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å"The Bremen Town Musiciansâ⬠(Grimm 96)â⬠¦The basic plot of this tale is similar to ââ¬Å"The Wizard of Ozâ⬠in that a group of helpers accompany a hero and use their specific skills to achieve a quest. Baum does not forget to include several classic airytale motifs: seven league boots are replaced with silver slippers that take the wearer any place his or her hearts desires and the classic object used three times to summon a helper is represented by the golden cap that is used to call upon the winged monkeys three times. The motifs appearance in this story demonstrates how often similar motifs are re-used in an altered states across various types of literature. The witch threatens the heroes with forty bees, forty wolves and forty crows. Though forty may not be the most commo n number used to highlight the unique fairy tale repetition of numbers, this number of course holds meaning. In the Bible there were forty days of flood, forty days of fasting and forty days of wandering. In fact the very nature of ââ¬Å"The Wizard of Ozââ¬â¢sâ⬠medium, the novel, increase the differentiation between it and fairy tales. Oz is too long a work for it to be easily recognizable as a fairy tale. Most tales do not describe locations, physical features, or emotional states. Heroes are rarely afraid of foreign creatures, they just kill them or die trying, it is simply a part of their nature as heros. Luthi (Visual Aspect non-deliniation of character p. 25) Within the first few pages Baum informs the reader of the what Dorothy is wearing, a checked gingham dress, and that she ââ¬Å"cries sorrowfully when the wizard wont see herâ⬠(Baum 60). The storyââ¬â¢s descriptive passages concerning the physical environment mainly relate to the colors that are present (what is visible), especially in the description of the forest â⬠¦ Psychoanalysis has classified and links fairy tales to childhood sexuality. They serve a psychological function by representing to children their subconscious sexual urges and conflicts. Bruno Bettelheim uses his ââ¬Å"The Uses of Enchantmentâ⬠to discuss the manifestation of these drives in fairytales and how children use such literature to reconcile internal struggles they may be having. The Wizard of Oz provides internal resolution in preparation for something greaterââ¬âsex. Sex, is of course skirted around rather than confronted head on. For example in chapter eight of the novel, ââ¬Å"The deadly poppy fieldâ⬠sleep is used as a substitute for death. Dorothy never has to experience any real death, but wakes up surrounded by dead wolves she is only mildly frightened for a moment until the woodsman explains their presence euphemistically as being not dead, but ââ¬Å"shaggy. â⬠Oz approaches the deep levels of meaning discussed by Bettelheim and falls into the Freudian romance, like ââ¬Å"Cinderellaâ⬠who escapes her psychologically unsatisfactory step family to achieve a better life. Dorothy, though she returns to her home in Kansa, manages to move towards maturity and self-realization. As Dorothy realizes the power of the magic slippers and the other characters find what they were looking for but had all along, the reader gets the message that what we need for ââ¬Å"wholenessâ⬠is within, not without. Different from the psychological approach of Bettelheim, Max Luthi worked to identify what makes a fairy tale a fairy tale. So although characters may seemingly act without logic, reason, or emotion and one incident may not connect with what occurs immediately before or after it, there is a rationale that permeates every tale. Dorothy is to some degree disconnected from reality. Aunt Em and Uncle Joe are rarely happy because reality has soured them but Dorothy who is not fully integrated with reality is able to go on a quest to discover her own happiness (Luthi: Supernatural #8 p25). Dorothy, as the heroine, is in tune with the underlying fairytale theme ofâ⬠¦ (Luthi p25, 34 #5, 14). Dorothy seems to be unknowingly blessed. She is mistakenly revered as a sorceress; ââ¬Å"The silver shoes fitted her as if they had been made for herâ⬠and she accidentally kills not one, but two wicked witches. The outward sign of her charm is the mark of the good witchs kiss. In some fairytales there is a similar physical indicator, it could be freckles, red headedness, extreme ugliness or a tuft of hair. Separate but related to chance is magic. What distinguishes the fairytale from other folk literature is the prescience of magic. What is fundamental is the existence of magic and the otherworldly. Often there is a stated crossing from the mundane to a magical realm. Once in the magical realm Baum utilizes stock motifs like talking animals, witches, wizards, the Simpleton figure, caps that can summon powerful creatures three times and shows that can travel infinite distances in a few strides. Help is the central motif of the folktale, it propels the narrative and defines the hero. In the folktale the hero would not achieve his objective without help, in particular the help of otherworld beings. And this support is lavished on him. Dorothy never asks for or thinks about magic gifts but when she needs them they are granted. Gifts are given to Dorothy without entreaty and do come into play when needed but, especially in the case of the slippers, she has to work for the privilege. Dorothy shows no extraordinary strength of character yet she is given the silver shoes and fatefully obtains the golden cap. Though one would assume the nature of the heroine determines her success and reflects her good character her quest is often solely for personal gain. Dorothy and her friends want whats best for them and by following their own course they inadvertently rescue other people without intending to do so. This in turn paves the way to their ultimate goal. The happy ending, as Bettelheim reiterates, is what makes the fairy tale stand out as childrens literature. Because fairy tales provide resolution and reassurance children can easily relate and learn from the tales (Bettelheim, 10). Dorothys goal is achieved not in Oz, because Oz is not the right place for her, but instead back at home where she can apply what she has gained to get her ââ¬Å"happily ever afterâ⬠. ââ¬Å"The Wizard of Ozâ⬠corresponds to a large number of fairy tale characteristics, but it undoubtedly does not fit quite perfectly into the exact fairy tale mold. It doesnt fit entirely, partly because its just too big. The nature of its form, the novel, demands a greater level of descriptive information and plot explication, both which lead away from the traditional fairytales.
Friday, November 15, 2019
Ernest Hemingway :: essays research papers
Hemmingwayââ¬â¢s Influence Ernest Hemmingway is one of the greatest writers of all time. Like many great authors he was influenced by the world in which he lived. The environment that surrounded him influenced Hemmingway. These included such things as serving in the war and living in post war areas where people went to forget about the war. Another influence on his writings was his hobbies. He loved the great outdoors. He spent a lot of his time deep sea fishing and enjoying bull fighting. These influences had an impact on Hemmingway and they were expressed in his writing. Ernest Hemmingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, on July 21, 1899. Early in his life Hemmingway expressed a strong interest in the outdoors. He started fishing and hunting with his father very early. Hemmingway was educated in the public schools and as soon as he completed high school he started working for the Kansas City Star. After several years of working for them he moved to Spain. Here he became an ambulance driver and infantryman in World War II. He was also a war correspondent during the Spanish Civil War. During the war he was one of the first wounded. He was shot in the knee and spent a while in a hospital in Milan, Italy. Here he met Agnes, a nurse, and fell in love with here but she didnââ¬â¢t love him and he was deeply hurt by this. Then he went to France and spent several years there as a correspondent for the Toronto Star. It was here he that began his serious writing career. After that Hemmingway moved to Spain. It was here that he developed a love for bullfightin g. He spent day after day watching the fighters. He even decided to try it for a short time but wasnââ¬â¢t very successful. He realized that by watching and writing he could express the art of bullfighting to everyone. After this Hemmingway moved to Cuba and became a deep-sea fisherman. He spent all day out on the sea and often went out just to be on the ocean. Hemmingway was very successful at fishing and loved the way of life in Cuba. Hemmingway then decided to take up deep big game hunting in Africa. This to he was very successful at and became a world-renowned hunter. After this he moved back to the states and spent a couple more years writing.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Target Corporation Essay
Executive Summary: This case study analyzed five different projects Target Corporation had to decide on capital spent for which project created the most value and the most growth for the company and its shareholders. By analyzing the financial statements and exhibits of each project, I was able to determine the positives and negatives of each of these alternatives. The alternatives were Gopher Place, Whalen Court, The Barn, Goldieââ¬â¢s Square, or Stadium Remodel. The recommendation provided for Target Corporation is choosing the Stadium Remodel project. There were three main factors used for choosing this project. First, its low initial investment that makes the risk for Target much lower. Second, by implementing this project it continues the strong brand image Target has with its customers. Lastly, the Stadium Remodel project uses only a small percentage of total capital expenditures making it possible for Target to have more capital available for future capital expenditures. Table of Contents: Executive Summary ââ¬â Page 1 Situational Analysis ââ¬â Page 4 Alternatives ââ¬â Page 5 Recommendation ââ¬â Page 10 Appendices ââ¬â Page 13 Situational Analysis: Target Corporation has become a strong performing company in the retail industry in part because of its successful investment decisions and continued growth. That is why when Dan Scovanner, CFO of Target, and the four other executives in the CEC (Capital Expenditure Committee) meet it is of high importance. The approval or denial of CPRââ¬â¢s (Capital Project Requests) has the potential to set precedents that would affect possibleà decisions in the future. Every month the CEC meets to go over new CPRââ¬â¢s that could have a lasting impact on the short-term and long-term profitability of Target. For the month of November in 2006, there were five particular projects Scovanner knew were going to be the most highly discussed and evaluated. These projects involved four new store openings and one remodeling of an existing store. The new openings were Gopher Place, Whalen Court, The Barn, and Goldieââ¬â¢s Square. The remodeling of an existing store format into a SuperTarget was Stadium Remodel. To come to a conclusion on whether to approve or deny projects the CEC uses a ââ¬Å"dashboardâ⬠that has many factors. These factors include total investment size, NPV, IRR, population, population growth, and so on. The problem was whether capital was better spent on one project or another to create the most value and the most growth for the company and its shareholders. Alternatives: The first alternative for Target Corporation is the project Gopher Place. The positives of this project are that it will have the highest population increase from 2000-2005 at 27%. This increase is much higher than any other project and that means more possible customers and sales in the future. The market also has a favorable median income at $56,400 and projected sales growth is higher than the prototype. In addition, Gopher Place NPV Value is 18% higher (Appendix 1) than the prototype. Then, there are the negatives of choosing this project. First, the investment size initially looks within a typical investment level at $23 million. But, compared to the prototype this project is actually over $5 million more or 31% higher (Appendix 1). Gopher Place has the lowest population among the 5 projects given and has the smallest percentage of adults with four plus years of college at 12%. This is important because Target focuses on creating a shopping experience that attracts college-educated woman whom have children and are more affluent than the standard Wal-Mart customer. Also, Target already has stores within the area and the sales from this new project would derive 19% of its sales from surrounding area. Lastly, within the next few years Wal-Mart is expected to add two new supercenters, which would take up 76% of the market, compared to Targets 24% of the market. The second alternative for Target Corporation is the project Whalen Court. The positives of this project areà that it has the highest NPV, highest total R&P sales, highest population, and highest percent of adults with four plus years of college. First, Whalen Court not only has the highest NPV but they have the greatest opportunity. If sales increase by 10% it would be over $16 million more than the prototype. Second, this projects sales could be by far the greater than the prototypes of any other pro jects. The 1st and 5th year sales equivalents would be over $52 and $69 million respectively. Compare this to the other projects and they are 10ââ¬â¢s of millions more. Third, the Whalen Court project has the highest population at 632,000, which means they have the largest customer pool. Their population is almost three times greater than the second closest project. Lastly, this project has the highest percentage of adults with four plus years of college. This is very important because these are the customers Target is trying to attract the most. Now, there are some negatives of this project as well. First, the investment size is much greater than the typical prototype. It is actually 409% (Appendix 1) more than the prototype. The next closest project is only 31% more, which makes this project very concerning. Next, is the building cost versus the prototype. The project is for a lease of a building and the cost are very high compared to the other projects at over $15 million more than the prototype. Add in the fact that Target usually owns their store property and this project is already out of the ordinary. Finally, there is the IRR in value and st ore sensitivities. The Whalen Court project has one the lower IRRââ¬â¢s and it affects many things. Construction costs would have to decrease more than $41 million to achieve prototype store IRR. This is an extremely large number compared to the other projects. In addition, this projects IRR for sales is staggering. Sales would have to increase over 31% to achieve prototype store IRR. This is much higher than any other project. The third alternative for Target Corporation is the project The Barn. The positives for this project were small initial investment, good sales growth, high IRR and NPV value, and a new market. First, this project had the lowest investment cost out of all the projects at $13 million. The low investment allows for a larger return on investments for Target. Furthermore, this was the only project that had a higher NPV than total net investment. Second, The Barn had projected sales higher than the prototype. Itââ¬â¢s total R&P sales were projected to be over $2 million more than the prototype for the 1st andà 5th year. Third, This projectââ¬â¢s sales could decrease 18.1% and still achieve prototype store NPV. In addition, sales could decrease 23.2% and still achieve prototype store IRR. Therefore, the sales could not be as close to what was projected and still be greater than the prototype. In addition, The Barn had the highest IRR at 16.4%, which is what shareholders and investors want to see. Lastly, this project would have Target enter a new market. The closest stores were 80 miles and 90 miles away. Now, the negatives of The Barn project are its population increase, median income, percent of adults with four plus years of college, and competition. First, this project location is only supposed to have a 3% population increase from 2000-2005. This is the lowest out of all the other projects. Second, the median income is the lowest amongst the five projects at only $38,200. Thir d, the percent of adults with four plus years of college is among the lowest of the projects at 17%. Therefore, this location isnââ¬â¢t exactly the customers Target usually tries to attract. Lastly, the competition in this area is very steep. Within a few years there will be a Wal-Mart Supercenter, Samââ¬â¢s Club, and Kmart taking 87% of the market. Thus, Target will only control 13% of the market. The fourth alternative for Target Corporation is the project Goldieââ¬â¢s Square. The positives of this project are lower investment size, lower building cost, affluent and faster growing population. First, this projectââ¬â¢s total net investment is $694,000 less than the prototype. Second, it has a lower building cost than most of the other projects with only $313,000 more than the prototype. Lastly, the location for Goldieââ¬â¢s Square has the second largest population at 222,000 and it will increase by 16% from 2000 to 2005. This means this location has potential growth for Target. Now, the negatives for Goldieââ¬â¢s Square are the projects NPV and IRR, projected sales, and the market. First, the NPV for this project are the lowest of any of the other projects by far. With only $317,000, Goldieââ¬â¢s Square would 6,156% (Appendix 1) lower than the prototype. That percentage is astronomically larger than any other project. In addition, it has the lowest IRR of all the projects at 8.1%. Both this low NPV and IRR have a major affect on what the projected sales need to be to achieve prototype. Sales would have to increase respectively 45.1% and 47.2% to achieve prototype NPV and IRR. These are the most of any other project and would be very difficult to achieve. Lastly, the market for this project seems to beà fairly saturated. There are already 12 Target store currently in this market and could possibly go up to 24. In addition, a large portion of the sales (25%) would be taken from the surrounding stores. Finally, in the next few years it is projected the competition in this market will be high. Target is projected to only have 17% share of the market. The fifth alternative for Target Corporation is the project Stadium Remodel. This is the only remodeling project and its positives are lower total net investment, projected R&P sales, median income, percent of adults with four plus years of college, and customer loyalty. First, the initial investment amount would 46% (Appendix 1) better than the prototype which is the best of all the projects. In addition it is one of the lower investment costs therefore it wouldnââ¬â¢t cost the company as much. Second, the projected R&P sales are better than the prototype. The post-remodel sales projects a 17% sales lift for this store. This remodeling could really boost sales at this store making it more profitable in the long-term. Third, the median income for this market is the highest at $65,931. In addition, this project has one of the highest percentage of adults with four plus years of college at 42%. Both of these statistics fits Targets customer type very well. Lastly, this Target store has been in the market since 1972 with loyal customers. The support for this store is there it just needs to not hurt the brand image by not fixing the deteriorating facilities. The negatives of this project are higher risk and completely not fulfilling Targetââ¬â¢s main objective. First, this project has the second highest sales risk of the projects. If the sales decline by 10% then the store NPV would decline by $7.85 million. This is a higher risk then some of the other projects that have to be considered. Lastly, the main objective of Target Corporation is to meet the goal of adding about 100 stores annually while maintaining a positive brand image. This project would help maintain a positive brand image but it also would not be adding towards the goal of 100 stores a year. Recommendation: Based on the alternatives analyzed I believe the best alternative is the Stadium Remodel. I came to this conclusion based on many different factors. First, I took Targetââ¬â¢s strategy into careful consideration. Targetââ¬â¢s strategy was to consider the shopping experience of the customer as a whole.à The corporation refers to customers as guest do there best to fulfill the slogan, ââ¬Å"Expect more. Pay less.â⬠Target focuses on creating a shopping experience that attracts college-educated woman whom have children and are more affluent than the standard Wal-Mart customer. Therefore, when I saw the Stadium Remodeling project had the highest median income and second highest percent of adults that had four plus years of college, I knew this was a project Target would strongly want to consider. In addition, one of Targetââ¬â¢s main objectives is maintaining a positive brand image. This store was already successful at a strong long-term location serving an affluent fami ly-oriented customer base. By remodeling this store, Target is able to build the strong brand image among its loyal customers. In addition to maintaining a strong brand image, Target wonââ¬â¢t have to use much of its budget for capital expenditure. In Appendix 2, it shows how the Stadium Remodel project will only use .49% of the total capital expenditures budget. This is the second lowest percentage among the five projects. Also, the low investment cost will make it possible to build 205 more stores at this cost if they wanted to. Therefore, the lower cost of this project will make it still possible for Target to keep its goal of trying to open 100 new stores annually. In conclusion, I believe this project would be the best chose based on a low initial investment, maintaining strong brand image, and using only a small percentage of total capital expenditures. If Target truly were about brand awareness and building a loyal customer base then they would have no problem choosing the Stadium Remodel project
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Analysis of “John Donne’s” “The Flea”
Phillip Hassoun English 1102 Dr. Thomason 03/14/12 Analysis: The Flea, By: John Donne Most of John Donneââ¬â¢s work during his time frame was usually seen as being vulgar or too much, usually for the sexual themes he put behind them. But being the witty and clever author John Donne was, it is by no surprise that most people raise their eye brows after reading his poem titled The Flea. In the poem, he makes the unusual connection between a flea and sex between couples. Using a metaphysical conceit, the poem is written using that relationship in mind, which today most people would see as kind of funny or odd.In this unique comparison, he ultimately tryââ¬â¢s to persuade his beloved to become fearless of the consequences in pre-marital sex. It is important to understand the use of metaphysical writing, and how it enabled writers like John Donne to write so well about two very seemingly different things. When the term metaphysical is used, it is referring to a very powerful form of philosophy dating back to Aristotle. It is used to explain something usually complex in simple to understand terms, by making a comparison. One does this by asking themselves two questions; what is there?And whatââ¬â¢s it like? These two questions lead the person into a higher level thinking proses, which usually end up in a form of descriptive writing like parables and poems to add ever more understanding and emotion to the thought. This is how authors like John Donne can write of comparisons between something simple like a flea, and something as complex as the emotions we feel. However, the poem to most people today would still not make sense. But when considering the knowledge and ethics of the people during his time frame, this poem makes much more sense.When John Donneââ¬â¢s 16th century love poem was written, it was believed that when two people had sex, the partners would share each otherââ¬â¢s blood. Also hygiene wasnââ¬â¢t a very big issue, since it wasnââ¬â ¢t common knowledge to know that bacteria and viruses could make you sick or more obviously that people didnââ¬â¢t share blood during sex. Due to lack of hygiene, people during this time all had some sort of human flea that lived on them, which ate their blood. The people from this time frame really didnââ¬â¢t see it as something gross like people would see today.Because everybody had fleas on them, they were all equally as gross to each other in their minds. When John Donne is trying to persuade his beloved into sex with him, this is how he comes up with a metaphysical connection between the two, which is also a perfect example of why people thought he was coarse or dirty in his writing. Keeping this knowledge in mind as you read the poem is crucial in order to understand the poem. In the first stanza he begins to set up his argument with the girl he is addressing.Using the metaphysical conceit he makes between a flea and sex he writes to his beloved, explaining why he thinks she should have no reason to be worried about having sex with him. ââ¬Å"Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little you denist me is;â⬠He says to open the poem. Look at how small this flea is, thatââ¬â¢s how small the fact of why you wonââ¬â¢t have sex with me is, to reword what he is saying. Describing how little the issue is as he goes on in the first stanza. He says that the flea can suck his blood, and then jump to the girls and suck her blood, and share all three of the souls in one body.Then says that by doing so, the flea is not causing ââ¬Å"A sin, nor shame, not loss of maidenhead;â⬠(1: pg. 571) talking about her virginity. He describes the nature of the flea to enjoy the mixing of blood from humans before it is in love, or without care at all since it is a flea. He finishes the argument at the end of the stanza by saying to his beloved that the flea, is doing far worse than what only they would be doing. He continues in the second stanza by tryin g to protect the fleaââ¬â¢s life from the girl.It is understood from the reading that his beloved has become obviously upset with what he said, and so she attempts to kill the flea in spite of him. To prevent her from doing so, he starts to explain to her that the flea is carrying three souls inside it, him, her, and the flea. And reiterates how the flea is doing far more than them even if they are to be married, since it shares all three souls. He says that since there blood is mixed with inside the flea, to look at the flea as their ââ¬Å"marriage templeâ⬠and their custom right to properly have sex, since their blood is already mixed.And furthermore says that although your parents urge you to not get married to me, we already have inside the living soul of the flea. He then in the last parts of the second stanza states his second argument for why they should have pre-marital sex. ââ¬Å"Though use make you apt to kill me,â⬠(1: pg. 172) hysterically saying that she wouldnââ¬â¢t mind killing him. He argues that although she wants to kill the flea, doing so would mean killing herself, himself, and the flea.An odd way of explaining that there mutual love would die, and the fleas love for both would also die, which would be sacrilegious by killing all three souls. As he continues to make this unconvincing argument to his beloved, she kills the flea at the beginning of the third stanza, probably from his almost mockingly sounding poem about a big step in their relationship. However it is at that point when he turns the argument on her completely. ââ¬Å"Cruel and sudden,â⬠he describes her actions as she kills the flea. Saying that the flea was only innocent, and only was guilty for was stealing two drops of blood.By killing the flea that shared the coupleââ¬â¢s blood, he asks her if she feels as if their relationship is weaker. Obviously not feeling like their relationship had grown apart, he then completely switches the argument on her , after destroying their ââ¬Å"wedding temple,â⬠By saying that he taught her a lesson of fear. He explains further in the end of the last stanza that the honor she lost in killing that flea, would be just as much honor lost if she were to engage in intercourse with him, since she obviously did not care about the death of the flea.He reiterates in his last statements that he is doing the exact same thing as the flea that took life from her. This concludes his not so romantic poem, but very interesting explanation of their situation. Johnââ¬â¢s poem is written in a clever way, unlike most of the poems people would read from Shakespeareââ¬â¢s century. He makes a good metaphysical connection between the flea and sex, and almost sounds like he denies the fact that he is really just trying hook up with her. If any girl was to be read this poem as a pickup line, and understand it, then they would probably be offended.This is why the poem cannot be read far too seriously when h e explains that the important subject of losing your virginity can be compared to the instinct of a flea, and dooms the poem to have you chuckling while you read it. However, when he ties everything up in the final stanza it turns into an eye opening poem. This was a very ingenious way to explain the feelings of the man in a relationship. The one who is trying to get the girl in the bed, but she fears all of the consequences.The connection he made between something as small and irrelevant as a flea being described into a deep elaborate though about love, and manââ¬â¢s thoughts just show his great writing skill. Works Cited Page Barnet, Sylvan, William Burto, and William E. Cain. A Little Literature: Reading/writing and Argument. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2007. Print. ââ¬Å"John Donne ââ¬Å"The Fleaâ⬠and Persuasionâ⬠StudyMode. com. 10 2011. 10 2011 . Analysis of ââ¬Å"John Donneââ¬â¢sâ⬠ââ¬Å"The Fleaâ⬠Phillip Hassoun English 1102 Dr. Thomason 03/14/12 Analysis: The Flea, By: John Donne Most of John Donneââ¬â¢s work during his time frame was usually seen as being vulgar or too much, usually for the sexual themes he put behind them. But being the witty and clever author John Donne was, it is by no surprise that most people raise their eye brows after reading his poem titled The Flea. In the poem, he makes the unusual connection between a flea and sex between couples. Using a metaphysical conceit, the poem is written using that relationship in mind, which today most people would see as kind of funny or odd.In this unique comparison, he ultimately tryââ¬â¢s to persuade his beloved to become fearless of the consequences in pre-marital sex. It is important to understand the use of metaphysical writing, and how it enabled writers like John Donne to write so well about two very seemingly different things. When the term metaphysical is used, it is referring to a very powerful form of philosophy dating back to Aristotle. It is used to explain something usually complex in simple to understand terms, by making a comparison. One does this by asking themselves two questions; what is there?And whatââ¬â¢s it like? These two questions lead the person into a higher level thinking proses, which usually end up in a form of descriptive writing like parables and poems to add ever more understanding and emotion to the thought. This is how authors like John Donne can write of comparisons between something simple like a flea, and something as complex as the emotions we feel. However, the poem to most people today would still not make sense. But when considering the knowledge and ethics of the people during his time frame, this poem makes much more sense.When John Donneââ¬â¢s 16th century love poem was written, it was believed that when two people had sex, the partners would share each otherââ¬â¢s blood. Also hygiene wasnââ¬â¢t a very big issue, since it wasnââ¬â ¢t common knowledge to know that bacteria and viruses could make you sick or more obviously that people didnââ¬â¢t share blood during sex. Due to lack of hygiene, people during this time all had some sort of human flea that lived on them, which ate their blood. The people from this time frame really didnââ¬â¢t see it as something gross like people would see today.Because everybody had fleas on them, they were all equally as gross to each other in their minds. When John Donne is trying to persuade his beloved into sex with him, this is how he comes up with a metaphysical connection between the two, which is also a perfect example of why people thought he was coarse or dirty in his writing. Keeping this knowledge in mind as you read the poem is crucial in order to understand the poem. In the first stanza he begins to set up his argument with the girl he is addressing.Using the metaphysical conceit he makes between a flea and sex he writes to his beloved, explaining why he thinks she should have no reason to be worried about having sex with him. ââ¬Å"Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little you denist me is;â⬠He says to open the poem. Look at how small this flea is, thatââ¬â¢s how small the fact of why you wonââ¬â¢t have sex with me is, to reword what he is saying. Describing how little the issue is as he goes on in the first stanza. He says that the flea can suck his blood, and then jump to the girls and suck her blood, and share all three of the souls in one body.Then says that by doing so, the flea is not causing ââ¬Å"A sin, nor shame, not loss of maidenhead;â⬠(1: pg. 571) talking about her virginity. He describes the nature of the flea to enjoy the mixing of blood from humans before it is in love, or without care at all since it is a flea. He finishes the argument at the end of the stanza by saying to his beloved that the flea, is doing far worse than what only they would be doing. He continues in the second stanza by tryin g to protect the fleaââ¬â¢s life from the girl.It is understood from the reading that his beloved has become obviously upset with what he said, and so she attempts to kill the flea in spite of him. To prevent her from doing so, he starts to explain to her that the flea is carrying three souls inside it, him, her, and the flea. And reiterates how the flea is doing far more than them even if they are to be married, since it shares all three souls. He says that since there blood is mixed with inside the flea, to look at the flea as their ââ¬Å"marriage templeâ⬠and their custom right to properly have sex, since their blood is already mixed.And furthermore says that although your parents urge you to not get married to me, we already have inside the living soul of the flea. He then in the last parts of the second stanza states his second argument for why they should have pre-marital sex. ââ¬Å"Though use make you apt to kill me,â⬠(1: pg. 172) hysterically saying that she wouldnââ¬â¢t mind killing him. He argues that although she wants to kill the flea, doing so would mean killing herself, himself, and the flea.An odd way of explaining that there mutual love would die, and the fleas love for both would also die, which would be sacrilegious by killing all three souls. As he continues to make this unconvincing argument to his beloved, she kills the flea at the beginning of the third stanza, probably from his almost mockingly sounding poem about a big step in their relationship. However it is at that point when he turns the argument on her completely. ââ¬Å"Cruel and sudden,â⬠he describes her actions as she kills the flea. Saying that the flea was only innocent, and only was guilty for was stealing two drops of blood.By killing the flea that shared the coupleââ¬â¢s blood, he asks her if she feels as if their relationship is weaker. Obviously not feeling like their relationship had grown apart, he then completely switches the argument on her , after destroying their ââ¬Å"wedding temple,â⬠By saying that he taught her a lesson of fear. He explains further in the end of the last stanza that the honor she lost in killing that flea, would be just as much honor lost if she were to engage in intercourse with him, since she obviously did not care about the death of the flea.He reiterates in his last statements that he is doing the exact same thing as the flea that took life from her. This concludes his not so romantic poem, but very interesting explanation of their situation. Johnââ¬â¢s poem is written in a clever way, unlike most of the poems people would read from Shakespeareââ¬â¢s century. He makes a good metaphysical connection between the flea and sex, and almost sounds like he denies the fact that he is really just trying hook up with her. If any girl was to be read this poem as a pickup line, and understand it, then they would probably be offended.This is why the poem cannot be read far too seriously when h e explains that the important subject of losing your virginity can be compared to the instinct of a flea, and dooms the poem to have you chuckling while you read it. However, when he ties everything up in the final stanza it turns into an eye opening poem. This was a very ingenious way to explain the feelings of the man in a relationship. The one who is trying to get the girl in the bed, but she fears all of the consequences.The connection he made between something as small and irrelevant as a flea being described into a deep elaborate though about love, and manââ¬â¢s thoughts just show his great writing skill. Works Cited Page Barnet, Sylvan, William Burto, and William E. Cain. A Little Literature: Reading/writing and Argument. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2007. Print. ââ¬Å"John Donne ââ¬Å"The Fleaâ⬠and Persuasionâ⬠StudyMode. com. 10 2011. 10 2011 .
Friday, November 8, 2019
Leadership and the Madonna Beer Scare â⬠Management Essay (100 Level Course)
Leadership and the Madonna Beer Scare ââ¬â Management Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Leadership and the Madonna Beer Scare Management Essay (100 Level Course) This trimester for my leadership project Heather Jones, Cara Livornese, and I once again hosted ââ¬Å"The Madonna Beer Scareâ⬠. By working with the SMART program the second time around with the Beer Scare, we were able to specifically work on individual parts of the bear scare to make the overall result great. Starting late into the year it was hard to apply time-wisely to our project, But we acted as best and quick as we could. When the bear scare was hours away it was as if realistic didnââ¬â¢t apply we did things I never could imagine yet in a sense it was realistic. At the end of the night even though we were exhausted the compliments and smiles were endless, at that moment we knew our success was truly measurable. I feel as an individual I gave a lot into making the bear scare happen. I spent many hours shopping, setting up, plotting, as well as calling local grocery stores for donations. I gave my best because I knew if I didnââ¬â¢t I would let Madonna down. After all I am Vice President I should be setting examples so hopefully, next year kids will take on the Bear Scare and really see how hard I worked. But I didnââ¬â¢t do this alone I had much appreciated help from Heather (my co-host for the Bear Scare) without her this wouldnââ¬â¢t be possible. At times where I found myself slacking off, Heather would be right there to pick me up and put me to work again. She worked just as hard as I did and really made a great effort. As for Cara Livornese I felt she didnââ¬â¢t contribute enough to the Bear Scare to be recognized for it. I felt as if she was only in with ââ¬Å"helpingâ⬠because were her friends and she didnââ¬â¢t care what she did. Leadership is about finding something your passionate about and incorporating it into a project. Not about getting credit for something you did unwillingly. I chose to do the Bear Scare again because I enjoy working with kids of all ages. I love to have kids walk around school and say ââ¬Å"wow she is a great leaderâ⬠because I am trying to set an example not only for the millions of cousins I have at Madonna but for everyone. As an elder at Madonna it is all of our 8th graders jobs to show the younger students how to be a role model. This years 2004 Leadership class has given me a lot, but some of the gifts I have been given stand out more then the others. I learned ââ¬Å"With great power comes with great responsibility.â⬠I never realized how many kids look up to me, at the night of the bear scare when I began cleaning up kids noticed and started doing the same. If they did as I did and I was a horrible leader I would lead them down the wrong path. It was amazing to see that I could have such a big impact on those little kidsââ¬â¢ lives. Without this class I donââ¬â¢t think I would have ever realized that. Now that I know I feel I must keep up with my good work, and please Madonna as a whole. I thank you personally Mrs. Jones because without you, there would be no leadership class. Without it some kids could have ended up going down the wrong path. Leadership is not only about being a leader its taking charge, walking down your own path leading followers the right way your own way. I took a stand and canââ¬â¢t wait to see whoââ¬â¢s bound to take one next. Thanks again. Research Papers on Leadership and the Madonna Beer Scare - Management Essay (100 Level Course)Hip-Hop is ArtBringing Democracy to AfricaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenLifes What IfsAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized Testing
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
A Quick Guide to Encourage Your Child to Read
A Quick Guide to Encourage Your Child to Read How can you encourage your child, whether a beginning reader or a reluctant reader, to read childrens books on a regular basis? Here are some ideas that may help. Simple Tips to Encourage Reading Make a habit of reading to your child every day, whether she is a one-year-old or a 10-year-old.When your child is able, have him read to you. You can take turns reading chapters in a simple chapter book, for example.Get a library card for your child. Go to the library every week and take out several books.Be aware of your childs interests and direct your child to related books.Try to find a series that she really likes and will want to continue reading.Provide a comfortable reading area, with good lighting, in your home.Discuss books with your child.If your child is a reluctant reader and not reading on grade level, buy her hi/lo books (books with a high-interest level, low vocabulary).Talk to your childs teacher and ask for suggestions.If your child responds well to incentives and enjoys using the computer, enroll in an online book group (with your supervision).If your child really enjoys a particular author, check with your librarian about other authors or books he might enjoy.Chi ldren also often enjoy the opportunity to read childrens magazines. Main Takeaways Basically, you want to stay on the side of encouraging rather than nagging if you want your child to read and love doing it. Nothing puts a child off faster than feeling forced to do something, so be careful. The importance of reading to your child daily cannot be emphasized enough so make it a priority. Also, be consistent with reading aloud together, trips to the library and other encouraging activities. Finally, if your child is in a preteen or entering middle school, the articleà Middle School, Reading and Tweens: Motivate Your Preteen to Readà is a useful and informative resource.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
You are required to conduct a research assignment showing the Essay
You are required to conduct a research assignment showing the strategic role of technology in the designated company Instagram - Essay Example In the end, the study outlines a conclusive summary and few recommendations for further development of the companyââ¬â¢s business strategy by taking into consideration of the crucial role of ICT and information system in its future business operations. In the modern era, social media websites and applications have been one of the most easiest and convenient modes of networking. Facebook, twitter and Viber have been one of the most successful and well known of all those applications. An addition to those successful applications is Instagram. Instagram has proved to be an easy and very useful application for sharing photos and engaging with each other. Instagram is a social media application and its features include online photo and video sharing service which enables users to take different pictures and videos and in applying various digital to those applications and in sharing them various social networking services (McNely, 2012). One of the distinctive features of Instagram can be stated that its photos are confined to a square shape and can be used in various devices. The application was initially crafted by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger and was launched in 2010. Since its inception, Instagram has gained huge popularity and ha s become one of the most widely acclaimed applications in the world specifically for its video and photo sharing features. The tool which has been presented by Instagram can be utilized as a successful customer service resource which can help to directly address customers and resolve their problems and it can go through Instagram or even through an offline channel. A massive advantage which Instagram has offered its customers is that the conversation on each photo is discrete. Strategic management has certainly benefitted Instagram to a huge extent. The management of Instagram has tried its level best to implement the concept of diversification to its business portfolio and innovative business management along with shrewd
Friday, November 1, 2019
Microbial stress and food processing Lab Report
Microbial stress and food processing - Lab Report Example 2003). In the due course, these unfavorable conditions as well as the stress might lead to population that includes health, unhealthy and dead cells. In these regard, the experiment aimed at exposing the E-coli strain to different unfavorable conditions that reflect stresses experienced in real food production. Therefore, we wanted to know how these conditions affect the organism. This was established through microbial count with the use of Miles and Misra technique. Also flow cytometry technique was used and has the capacity of measuring the live dead and injured bacterial cells. In the experiment, two techniques were used to determine the effect of these unfavorable conditions that reflect the stresses experienced in the real food production. These techniques include Flow cytometry technique and Miles and Misra technique. For the flow cytometry, its principle of operation is based on the viable cells and dead cells, whereby for the viable cells, the dye has the capacity of penetrating the cell membrane. In case of cell surface proteins, the dye will react with it and dim staining will be observed. For the dead cells, the dye has the capacity to permeate through the destroyed membrane and then stain both the inside and outside (reacts with the amines to form a more intense staining. There is a 50-fold difference in the fluorescence intensity between the dead and live cells. In relation to this, after the exposure of the bacteria to these unfavorable conditions, we were able to determine the dead and the viable bacteria then made a conclusion in regards to th e effect of these conditions (Goodson and Rowbury 1989). The dye used for the flow cytometry was Propidium iodide(PI) and oxonol DiBAC4 (BOX).These two dyes are normally used together whereby they are excited by the same laser but the emission spectra is different ,hence being detected distinctly. PI normally
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